Runway end lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing red in the direction of the runway.

• A. Fixed unidirectional lights showing white in the direction of the runway
• B. Fixed lights showing variable red
• C. Fixed lights showing variable white
• D. Fixed unidirectional lights showing red in the direction of the runway

Answer: (D)

Runway end lighting uses a steady red signal directed specifically toward the approach path to clearly mark the far end of the usable runway. The fixed, unidirectional design ensures pilots approaching the runway see a constant red cue that unmistakably indicates the end of the landing area, without the distraction or ambiguity of lights visible from the opposite direction or that might flash. Red is chosen because it universally signals the boundary or danger zone ahead, signaling the end of usable runway rather than continuing lighting. Other options would either use the wrong color, introduce variable or flashing behavior, or orient the light so it isn’t specifically aimed at the approach path, which would reduce clarity for the approaching pilot.