Which regulatory framework governs type ratings in the United States?

• A. 14 CFR Part 91, Subpart A
• B. 14 CFR Part 61, especially 61.63 Type ratings, additional training, and operating experience, plus related endorsements and testing.
• C. 14 CFR Part 121
• D. 14 CFR Part 23

Answer: (B)

Type ratings are a pilot certificate endorsement tied to a specific aircraft type, and the rules for obtaining and keeping that rating are found in 14 CFR Part 61, with 61.63 being the key provision. This section covers type ratings, any additional training and operating experience required, and the related endorsements and testing needed to earn the rating. In practice, you complete the required ground and flight training for the aircraft type, meet the additional training/experience standards, and then pass a check ride to receive the type rating endorsement on your certificate.

Other parts address different aspects of aviation governance. Part 91 covers general operating rules, not how ratings are issued. Part 121 governs airline operations and includes its own rules, but relies on Part 61 for pilot qualifications and type ratings. Part 23 deals with the airworthiness standards for the aircraft themselves, not pilot ratings. So the framework specifically governing type ratings is Part 61, especially 61.63.